Yes, there is Sugar and yes, there is caffeine. If you're allergic to those ingredients or can't ingest them for some other reason, then Red Bull is not a good drink for you. There may be a sugar-free Red Bull, but I guess it would have an artifcial sweetener, which I'm sure would be taboo for the health conscious. If you are not restricted from taking caffeine, I suggest keeping an open mind b/c caffeine can be a medicine too.
I have anaphylactic reactions to some allergens, which can mean headaches and seizures, caused by hypotension. Taurine (which I used to take as a supplement) helped with the seizures, but not the headaches. One day I tried a Red Bull and the headaches and seizures calmed down. Red Bull works because the combo of taurine and caffeine raises blood pressure and counteracts hypotension.
Neither taurine nor Red Bull lasts very long when used against these symptoms, so they are not in my first line of defensive meds.