I have the book right here! .... wait.
From ”Fats that Heal, Fats that Kill” book, on page 96, under REFINING:
”During refining, oils are mixed with an extremely corrosive base, sodium hydroxide(NaOH, caustic soda, known under the trade name ”Drano”), or with a mixture of NaOH and sodium bicarbonate (Na2CO3). The mixture is agitated, then separated.
Refining removes free fatty acids from oils. Free fatty acids form soaps with NaOH, which dissolve in the watery parts of the mixture. Phospholipids, protein-like substances, and minerals are also further removed during refining. Ref ...
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